As a cat hears how he sees the cat, feels like a cat  

According to many zoologists, among mammals, the senses are most developed in cats. Although they have developed a hearing is worse than, for example, in mice, an excellent (by human standards), sight, smell and hearing are combined with tactile and taste receptors do cats are very sensitive animals.

 

Among domestic animals the cat's biggest eyes relative to body size.

Like most predators, cat's eyes are directed forward, and their visual fields overlap.

So cats have stereoscopic vision, allowing to estimate the distance to the object of observation.

 

About 60% of cats are able to vergentsii eye. Field of vision in cats is 200 `180` against the person. In the macula of the retina in cats is not the central fovea (fovea), but instead there is a visual drive, where the cones. Rods in the retina of the eye 25 times more than the cones, that is because the cat is a nocturnal predator, so the ability to see in the dark (which is responsible for it sticks in the retina) is her priority.

 

Cats are able to distinguish colors, but compared to a person of color perception they have less - less contrast and bright. In the cones of cats (and most other mammals except primates) is not a pigment sensitive to red, but there are only green and blue pigment - so their color vision like that of a person with protanopia (a type of color blindness).

 

noticed that the fixed and standing close objects cat treats worse than moving. Cats have the ability to focus on the subjects of 2-3 times smaller than that of apes and humans.

 

Cats perfectly see in low light conditions. Behind the retina in the cat's eyes is a special layer - the tapetum, which reflects more light from an external source to the retina. Due to the tapetum and other mechanisms of sensitivity to cat's eyes 7 times higher than in humans, and cats can see well even in low light, but in bright light they see than a person.

 

It is because of the tapetum in the cat's eyes to light in the dark glow green. The variation of the color of cat eye when flash photography is also due to the tapetum. Contrary to common misconceptions, in absolute darkness to see the cats can not.

 

To reduce the luminous flux on the retina in bright light, the pupil of a cat's eye can change the shape. And it is not round, like a man and a vertically oval until slit-like, because the iris is compressed using the muscle fibers unevenly same abilities have the eyes of foxes, belonging to the family canine. The iris is the diaphragm, regulating the amount of light penetrating inside the eye.

 

The organ of hearing is arranged the domestic cat is very difficult and is divided into three sections - outer ear, middle ear and inner ear, in addition, there is also a central office, located in the brain.

 

Cats have directional hearing, ie, the noise is sorted by destination. Cats can move the auricle in the direction of the sound source, and each auricle independently of each other, so the cat can watch simultaneously over the two sound sources.

 

These movements operate more than a dozen muscles, allowing the pinna can rotate almost 180 `. If the cat has the ability of spatial hearing, may recognize the power of sound, its removal and height, and on the basis of these data is to accurately assess the location of its source.

 

Hearing cats are so well developed that they are able to navigate with my eyes closed in the space for the rustle and squeak and run past to catch mice, our ears are not able to so precisely position the location of the noise source.

 

Cats can perceive infrasound and ultrasound signals. The range of audible sounds in the cat still poorly understood, according to some, it is between 45 Hz and 64 000 Hz, according to other data up to 100 000 Hz.

 

It has been suggested that cats can communicate by ultrasound, inaccessible to our perception. In the ear cats about 13 thousand perceiving cells, which is somewhat less than in humans, but the cat about 52 000 nerve transmission in the auditory nerve, whereas in humans they are much smaller - 31 000.

 

Tactile function in cats perform special haptic (tactile) hairs "whiskers" (in everyday life - a mustache), located on two sides in four rows on the upper lip, above the eyes, under the chin to tail, inside and back of legs on the paws, between toes, on the tips of the ears and the ears. Sphynx (hairless breed) may have a different length whiskers, and may be denied altogether, and sensory hairs.

 

Vibrissae allow the cat to navigate in the dark and avoid obstacles, without even touching their hair, just feeling the tiniest changes in air currents. Also, using the sensitive hairs cat inspects items. Dirt or moisture on the feet are seen as an unwelcome irritation, and the animal immediately or shake their licks.

 

wide apart whiskers, the cat can determine the size of the opening through which she is going through. In no case can not remove the cat whiskers, as it is in fact will be deprived of his "system of orientation and navigation" in the space. Empirically it was found that the weaker the vision in the cat, the longer and thicker than her whiskers, and cats are born with impaired vibrissae exceed 8 cm

 

Skin touch the cat is strongly developed.

 

Cats have highly developed sense of smell, which is explained by the presence of these well-developed olfactory bulbs and a large number of sensory cells olfactory epithelium nasal cavity. In cats, the surface of the olfactory epithelium is 5.8 smb, which is two times higher than in humans, and only 1.7 times less than the average dog.

 

Thanks to smell the cat about 14 times stronger than a human, which allows them to smell, about which people do not even know. The upper part of the oral cavity of cats is located vomeronasal organ, which makes them feel special at sniffing out smells fine.

 

When the cat opens its mouth and pulls the lips, picking the skin on the head in a kind of grimace, showing the so-called. Flem reaction, there are also dogs, horses and some other mammals.

 

Cats are also very sensitive to the cat pheromone, such as felinin (3-Mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol), which they use to communicate with each other, spraying urine and labeling their territory with secretions from scent glands. Odoriferous glands begin to produce kittens odoriferous substances from the age of three months. Also, cats with feces emit a small amount of sweet-smelling fluid from anal glands. These glands are present in all carnivores, in particular, the skunks are used for self-defense.

 

Cat well oriented in their tastes, distinguished sour, bitter and salty. Intelligibility of this is due, above all, a good sense of smell and taste receptors developed on the tongue. It was long thought that, unlike most mammals, cats do not perceive sweet, because the corresponding gene in these damaged, but recent studies have refuted this information.

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