Representatives of the cat family is exceptionally elegance and grace, agility and energy, which largely determines the structure of the animal.

 

Description of the structural features of the cat is advisable to start with the skeleton. Its structure is reminiscent of the skeleton structure of all mammals, differing in form and manner the location of some bones.

 

This is due to horizontal position of the spinal cat and the fact that the work of the organ systems of the animal adapted to its way of life.

 

cat skull has a rounded shape. In this case it is considerably shorter than many other wild animals.

 

adult skull dimensions vary depending on gender and individual hereditary characteristics.

 

bones of the skull bones are much larger front of the skull. This feature makes the appearance of a cat different from other animals.

 

cat spine flexible and agile. It consists of 27 vertebrae: 7 cervical, 13 thoracic and lumbar 7. Below the lumbar region has 3 fused vertebrae that form the sacrum bone. This is followed by caudal vertebrae. The average cat's tail is made up of vertebrae 20ЂЂЂ23.

 

Due to the elastic and movable tail cat can maintain balance during a jump and a fall from a height.

 

also experienced breeders of these animals from the position and movements of the tail of your pet is easy to determine in what mood he is.

 

The internal structure of the Scottish Fold cat is very similar to the structure of other mammals. But there are differences that are peculiar only to this animal species.

 

The main body of the circulatory system is the heart ЂЂЂ hollow muscular organ that is located inside the chest, behind the middle of the sternum. Mass of the heart is directly proportional to the cat body weight of the animal. In each case, it is about 0.6% of body weight. The heart of the cat consists of two atria and two ventricles.

 

The cat has two circulation. Blood circulation is carried on walking away from the heart arteries to the capillaries, which penetrate all the internal tissues and organs.

There is an exchange of substances, then the blood, carbonated and contains the waste products of the body, enters into the veins leading to the heart. Veins form a second, or low, the systemic circulation. Venous blood enters the right ventricle, then through the pulmonary artery to the lungs.

 

Organs of the respiratory system are arranged in such a way cats that can function well in various environments. The task of these bodies is to ensure gas exchange and delivery of tissue oxygen. They also serve to some extent and allocation of organs, because after they removed the body of excess moisture and harmful gases, and are involved in heat transfer, because it removes excess heat from the tissues.

 

In the lungs gas exchange occurs between blood and air, which results in removal from the body of carbon dioxide and oxygen enriched it.

 

The respiratory system consists of a cat's nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. Light ЂЂЂ main body of the respiratory system. This is a paired organ, consisting of two parts (left and right), which occupy a large part of the chest, like all warm-blooded animals. They are composed of the alveolar lung ЂЂЂ bubbles, tightly braided mesh of capillaries that serve as agents in carrying out gas exchange. Respiratory covers the mucous membrane that performs the function of protecting them.

 

In the process of breathing through the nose in the air enters the larynx, there ЂЂЂ in the bronchi and lungs. This is related to the normal functioning of the circulatory system. Also helps normalize respiration heat and the removal of excess fluid from the body.

 

cat digestive system are the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines. Also in the process of digestion the important function of the pancreas, gall bladder and duodenum.

 

cat's teeth are not only a formidable weapon, but also an important component of the digestive system. Animal bites with his teeth and grinds the food with them involved in fights with neighbors and defends itself in those cases when he feels the approach of danger to her or her kittens.

 

adult cat has 30 teeth, which are as follows:

 

ЂЂЂ lower jaw 6 front incisors on both sides of which are 1 to 4 canine and molars;

 

ЂЂЂ upper jaw 6 front incisors on both sides of which are located on one tusk and four molars.

 

The incisors are small-sized teeth with jagged edges. With their help, animal captures small pieces of food, and gnaw the bones.

 

gums in cats are not particularly sensitive, since they have few nerve endings. Externally, they are lining that covers the edge on all sides of jaws and teeth forming holes and tooth neck.

 

In many passes gums blood vessels.

 

in digestion role does language. In cats, it is elongated, flexible and flat. The entire surface of its mucous membrane completely covers a large number of hardened nipples, because of which it is rough to the touch. Papillae are involved in the process of licking: in these unique funnels delayed moving water or liquid food, which facilitates its entry into the oral cavity. In addition, language function as papillae brush when the animal washes and cleans the hair.

 

The main instrument of the cat during catching prey and defend against enemies is long and sharp canine teeth that have deep roots.

 

From the mouth chewed pet food enters the esophagus, which is a muscular tube that could grow in diameter, and when you need to push food into the stomach. On the inside of the esophagus lined with mucous membrane.

 

Under the influence of saliva starts to break down food and partially digested already in the mouth. Continuing the process of digestion in the stomach, which is located in front of the peritoneum. The cat has a single-chamber stomach, the inside lined with mucous membrane, which produces gastric juice, which is required for the subsequent processing of food.

 

mucous membrane lining the intestinal villi, which provide the absorption of nutrients. Here is decontamination of food received by the intestine. This function is performed by multiple nodes.

 

from the stomach cat open 2 holes shaped like cones. One of them connects the stomach to the esophagus, the other ЂЂЂ with the duodenum. From the stomach the food enters the small intestine, where the final processing of food. The small intestine is a long, thin tube curled in a few loops. The length of the small intestine is often greater than the length of a cat in 4 times. Inside the food is exposed to intestinal enzymes of the pancreas.

 

The continuation of the small intestine is the colon that receives unprocessed solid food remnants. They are enveloped with mucus released by the walls of the colon. It includes the cecum, or appendix, colon and rectum.

 

rectum is to rid the body of compacted fecal matter. On either side of cat's anus are anal glands. They identify the secret with a sharp smelling odor. In addition to the excretory function, the rectum also supports the bacteriological balance in the body, because it saved in the conditions necessary for the reproduction of beneficial bacteria.

 

authorities are responsible for urinary excretion of excess fluid animal. The urinary system consists of a cat's kidneys, bladder and urinary tract ЂЂЂ ureters. In these organs are formed and accumulation of urine and by the subsequent removal of it from the body with harmful substances dissolved in it.

 

The salt and water balance in the cat provides the urinary system. During the breeding season of animal urine is particularly pungent smell exudes, it is very durable, because in such a way cats mark their territory.

 

Urine is formed in the kidney, more precisely, in the renal pelvis, ureters of which enters the bladder, where there is a trailing arm, preventing spontaneous urination. Urethra cat has a distinctive physiological feature: stenosis ЂЂЂ special restrictions, which serve to more rapid passage of sediment present in the urine.

 

cat reproductive system consists of the testes and vas deferens, which opens into the urethra.

 

This channel sperm enters the reproductive organs. Testicles gonads ЂЂЂ ЂЂЂ cats descended into the scrotum, which is formed at the base of skin fold of the penis. In the testes, the male sex cells are formed ЂЂЂ sperm.

 

internal reproductive organs are the cat's ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus. In the ovaries of the female sex cells are formed ЂЂЂ egg. External genitalia are cats vagina and vulva, which are located near the anus.

 

of great importance for the life of the animal are the endocrine glands: the hypothalamus, adrenal and thyroid. They carry out the regulation of many vital processes in the body cat, and protect it from disease.

 

Cat is considered one of the most beautiful animals. The body of her long, lithe, graceful. The special grace of movement is achieved by ensuring that the bones of this animal were particularly dense and at the same time ductility, which increases due to the free connection to the muscles through a strong and mobile tendons.

 

Scottish Fold cats have a strong medium-length legs with well developed muscles. With this cat can quietly sneak up to the extraction of the hunt and make a swift leap.

 

Moves the animal very carefully and quietly, as she has pads on the paws, which are sweat glands and sensitive nerve endings.

 

In addition, cats are extremely flexible limbs, enabling it to move quickly during a hunt.

 

on the front paws are cat 5, the rear ЂЂЂ on 4 fingers with sharp claws crescent shape. Everyone knows that cats can adjust their position: if the animal is at rest, the claws are usually hidden in the leathery sacs, and therefore does not blunt, and if there is a danger cat pushes his fingers and claws out. This ability is due to the fact that they are on the phalanges, where the tendons and muscles that control the deflation and retraction of claws in the leathery pouches.

 

Nature gave cats this feature to protect the main natural means of attack and defense of the stitching when walking.

 

on the abdomen and chest, in the breast, the Scottish Fold cats are dummies. In females, they serve to nurture the offspring.

 

In different pairs of nipples produced different amounts of milk. For example, in the inguinal nipples contains the largest amount of milk to the nipple, located in the upper body, it decreases.

 

The entire body is covered with cat hair. As mentioned above, currently there are the Scottish Fold cat with a wide variety goes, length and thickness of coat. Regardless of the length of hair cats consists of two layers: a thin inner (undercoat) and a coarser outer (protective). The main function of thermoregulation is the coat and protect the body from the harmful effects of the environment. In the hot season gets rid of the cat undercoat, thanks to its coat becomes light.

 

Therefore, animals with a thick long wool relatively quietly tolerate high air temperature.

 

also provides thermal regulation pores on the skin of cats, which are outlets of the sweat glands, blood vessels and nerve endings. Along with fur, these pores prevent the excessive release of fluids and protect the body from being hit by harmful microorganisms and bacteria.

 

Skin the cat extremely agile, allowing it to conduct typical of these animals an active lifestyle. Also, it promotes that the wounds received in fights with other cats or dogs, in most cases are superficial and not dangerous to life.

 

The skin also contains sebaceous glands that secrete a fatty lubricant necessary for proper operation of an animal. With this hair cats protected from environmental hazards and has a beautiful shine and silkiness.

 

The sweat glands are also located on the fingers and the cat's paws.

 

Cats uniquely organized nervous system, high sensitivity, and a more advanced system senses than humans. The work of the nervous system is effected by the brain to nerve impulses, which contain information about the state bodies and processes occurring in them. The role of the transmitter pulses do neurons, nerve cells in particular.

 

None of the animal's senses are not developed as a cat. So it is useful to consider this feature more cats.

 

If you compare a cat to other pets, you will notice that it has the largest eyes relative to body size.

 

Long ago, scientists noticed a unique feature of the cat ЂЂЂ binocular (stereoscopic) vision. This property is defined by an unusual arrangement of the eyes: they are in front, on both sides of the nose, and an animal has the opportunity to consider the interests of his subjects at an angle of 205 'in the same direction while crossing the field of view at a central point. This feature allows you to fold accurately determine the distance to a particular subject. In addition, with this arrangement, the eye is able to see an animal that is situated not only directly in front of him, but on both sides.

 

iris surrounding the pupil of a cat's eye, has the mobility, as all members of the class of mammals. It is driven by muscles that are connected to the eyeball.

 

Due to this property of the iris in bright natural or artificial light, the pupil of a cat's eye is drawn vertically and takes ellipsoobraznuyu form. This prevents the eye of the animal from entering into it more light than is necessary for the perception of the world.

 

Scottish Fold, like all cats, distinguish colors of objects, but only a limited number of colors. Another feature of the cats is that they are much better seeing moving objects than at rest.

 

Due to structural features eye Scottish Fold can see in the dark. It is wrong that the cats very well see in the dark because their eyes can glow. The cause of cat's eyes glow in the dark is that they have the ability to collect the reflected light rays.

 

With well-developed view of a cat catches the reflection from the objects of the slightest ray of light entering the room where she was, and is thereby oriented in space. But the animal in complete darkness, of course, can not see.

 

cat's pupils dilate and become perfectly round, when the eye gets plenty of light. If the light pupil cat is extended, it could be a consequence of arousal, the impact of medication or a symptom of an illness.

 

The representatives of the cat family, there is another feature of the structure of the eye ЂЂЂ so-called third eyelid, or nictitating membrane, whose function is that it protects the cornea from penetrating into the foreign bodies, such as dust. This is possible because the third eyelid can stretch and cover the entire surface of the eye. Despite the fact that the third eyelid is protective, it is subject to inflammation and is very sensitive to infections. Cat owner should know about it and not ignore the rules of hygiene when caring for your animal eyes, as in some diseases there is loss of the third century.

 

developed sense of smell is much better for cats than for other members of the class of mammals. It facilitates the relationship between related individuals, as well as between animals and man.                                                     Â